3/23 Osage-orange, named after the Osage native American nation, and as such, should always be capitalized. Propagation using the upper limbs can result in thornless varieties. The wood remained an important and sought-after bow making material for many other tribes throughout American history. It seems to have reached the height of it reproductive success ecologically in ⦠Tough wood and thorns are why Osage Orange was desired as an incredible livestock hedge before barbed wire: plant tightly together, prune to encourage bushy growth, and most animals wouldnât try to get through a second time. Its limited home range allowed a single tribe, the Spiroans of the Mississippian culture, to control much of the bow wood trade from 1250-1450, trading Osage orange bows for bison products from the plains and amassing great wealth that is evidenced today by the Spiro Mounds in Oklahoma. It was first discovered in 1804 growing in a relatively small native range confined to the eastern part of the Red River drainage watershed in Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas. Plant for living hedges, rot-resistant fencepost, car fresheners, for repairing degrade land and for making bows, and for its awesome name! Itâs a member of the mulberry family. Though related to the mulberry, it is alone in its genus, and is native to the North American continent, where it thrives in zones 5-9âacross the Great Their shape ranges from broad-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rounded to subcordate at the base broadly cuneate or acuminate at the apex. However, the tree was originally part of a 5 acre farm purchased in 1857 by Oliver Trevett. Osage Orange, also known as "bodark" is a small tree in the mulberry family with a legendary reputation among bowyers as the world's best bow-wood. It has many posi- tive attributes, but because of its role as a pioneer species, it has the po- tential to be invasive. 20-40 feet tall, same width. Meriwether Lewis sent some slips and cuttings of the curiosity to President Jefferson in March 1804. A 1969 News Gazette article mentions the tree in reference to a memorial that was donated to the Champaign County Development Council in memory of Mr. Trevett’s great granddaughter, Helen Finch. The Osage orange was a very handy tree for Native American Indians, who used it for centuries to make bows. Some historians believe the woodâs high bow-making value helped build the wealth of the Spiro Caddoans, an early Mississippian culture known for mound building and maize agriculture that controlled the native range of the tree for almost eight hundred years. long and 0.75 to 2.5 in. Brown. In many communities there are iconic trees that nearly everyone recognizes and admires in passing during daily life. The "Osage" part of the name comes the Osage Orange comes from the Red River watershed of Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas, where some believe giant sloths and mammoths ate the fruit and spread the trees. It’s so fascinating to picture a 5 acre farm at this location given the current urbanization that surrounds. Vol. Maclura pomifera, commonly called osage orange, is native to river valleys and rich bottomlands in Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas and Louisiana, but has been widely planted in a variety of environments throughout the United States It’s just fascinating to me that the centerpiece of Trevett/Finch Park stands as a living monument to the historical significance of Osage orange while preserving a very special tree of our own local community. The 1893 plat book for Champaign shows that surrounding properties to the west were still 5-10 acres in size, making Prospect Avenue the western edge of Champaign’s urban area. The Osage-orange, Maclura pomifera, is an ancient tree, a prehistoric survivor. Osage orange, Maclura pomifera, plant fact sheet Author Richard Wynia, USDA-NRCS Manhattan PMC Subject Osage orange \(Maclura pomifera\) small native tree. The wood of Osage orange certainly has unique characteristics. The News Gazette article also mentions that the tree is believed to be a thornless variety of Osage orange developed by Johnathan Baldwin Turner (1805-1899), who was a huge advocate throughout the mid-eighteen hundreds for planting Osage orange as a living fence to contain livestock. Its true native range is thought to have been the Red River basin area of Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas. The Osage Nation (/ Ë oÊ s eɪ dÊ / OH-sayj) (Osage: ðð£ ðð¤ðð¯ð¤ð (Ni-u-kon-ska), "People of the Middle Waters") is a Midwestern Native American tribe of the Great Plains.The tribe developed in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys around 700 BC along with other groups of its language family. Native Americans were the first to recognize its unique wood fiber, fashioning it into bows for hunting. Osage Orange comes from the Red River watershed of Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas, where some believe giant sloths and mammoths ate the fruit and spread the trees. NANPS uses NatureServe as a guide when deciding 'what is native' and NatureServe lists Osage Orange as native to Texas, likely to Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana and naturalized elsewhere. The commonly accepted native range for Osage-orange is centered in the three state area of southwest Arkansas, southeast Oklahoma, and northeast and east Texas, with one outlier in West Texas. Osage orange is especially prevalent throughout the Great Plains region of the United States, and adapts to a diverse range of soil conditions: rocky, sandy, organic, clay, acidic, or alkaline. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. I cannot count the times that someone has asked me, “what kind of tree is that?”, nor can I count the times that I have sat at the stoplight on University Ave admiring that tree as I waited. Osage orange typically has thorns on branches lower in its canopy, but upper limbs are often thornless. You can apparently layer the branches too, but we havenât tried yet. Anyone that has ever tried to saw through it knows that it is one of the hardest, densest wood fibers of any tree. Little did I know that even the sharpest chainsaw struggles to cut hedge trees? In the early eighties, the tree and remaining park-like area around it were donated to the Champaign Park District by the living descendants of Oliver Trevett, so all future generations could enjoy its sprawling limbs and patchy shade. (Note: This referred to Pierre Cho⦠The name honors the Osage Nation from the Ohio River Valley. How interesting to consider this Osage orange looking on as city expanded around it? , native to Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Louisiana, have naturalized in southern Michigan. Its origin in southern watersheds has made it flood-tolerant, but also pretty drought-tolerant too. Osage-orange was named for the Native American tribe living in part of the tree's native range and the general appearance of the tree's fruit. Named for the Osage Indian tribe within its native range (Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana and Arkansas), the trees were, and still are, prized for flexible and extremely strong heart wood, ⦠Native Range The natural range of Osage-orange is in the Red River drainage of Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas; and in the Blackland Prairies, Post Oak Savannas, and Chisos Mountains of Texas (28). The Osage orange, Maclura pomifera, is named for the Osage Indians that lived in the treeâs native range and for the scent of its fruit. We wonât tell anyone else you signed up. Widespread plantings of it throughout the United States, however, have led to its escape, and now it is But Osage Orange still has a lot going for it, and the large green fruit does smell a little like citrus (though itâs actually a member of the Mulberry family)! By the 1913 plat, many of neighborhoods we know now were filling in the area, although University Ave ended abruptly at modern day Russel Street with a large plot of farmland extending to the west. This gnarly old tree is an Osage orange (Maclura pomifera), or hedge apple tree, centered in current-day Trevett/Finch Park in Champaign. Osage orange's original native range is undetermined. Interestingly, Turner was also a major proponent of the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862 which lead to the formation of the University of Illinois. 1: 632. Weâre not in a hurry, weâre planting treesâ¦, We have fiscal sponsorship through Vine and Fig/New Community Project, a registered 501(c)(3). The tree's native range was a small area in western Arkansas, southern Oklahoma and parts of east Texas. It may have extended from southwestern Arkansas west into southeastern Oklahoma and south into northeastern Texas, according to the University of Texas at Austin's Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. 1913. It was the influence of glaciers that limited its range to the Red River watershed and created the vast prairies that Turner and others later helped it fence. Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org John D. Byrd, Mississippi State University, Bugwood.org Franklin Bonner, USFS (ret. Along those same lines, its density also provides some of the highest heat output of any firewood on this continent. A medium-sized tree to 40 feet tall and a short trunk up to 3 feet in diameter, with many crooked, interweaving, thorny branches that form a dense, spreading crown. Osage orange (Maclura pomifera), also known as Bois dâ arc, Hedge Apple or Horse Apple, is a member of the Moraceae family, to which figs, mulberries, breadfruit and jackfruit also belong, and is native to the south-central United States. (Naturalized means that itâs living wild in an area, but isnât originally from there.) However, prehistoric pollen records show a far greater range, possibly into Canada. According to Lewis's letter, the samples were donated by "Mr. Peter Choteau, who resided the greater portion of his time for many years with the Osage Nation." According to some authors the original range included most of eastern Oklahoma (34), portions of Missouri (49,54), and perhaps northwestern Louisiana (28,49). wide and have entire margins. At the time of European settlement, the natural range of Osage orange was limited to the Red River drainage, comprising a relatively small area of Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas. Value Class Food Cover High Average 25-50% of diet The wood may be too tough for nails, but that toughness makes the yellow-orange wood a very rot-resistant fencepost with the highest BTUs of any fuelwood around. Uses wildlife, windbreak, posts, and chemical properties. Tolerant of heavy moisture or drought conditions, the hardy tree flourishes far beyond its native range. Although Osage orange is native to Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas, it grows readily beyond its native range. The tree is originally native to the Southwest. Leaf blades are dark green, smooth and waxy above; paler green with a ⦠The cultural descendants of these mound builders, the Caddo Nation and the Wichita, still live in Oklahoma. The Shelterbelt efforts of the New Deal planted it widely to repair damage from erosion and droughts from the Dust Bowl. Common Name â Osage orange, Bodark apple, Bois dâarc, Hedge apple, Bow-wood, Yellow-wood, Mock orange, Prairie hedge â The Osage were the original Native American inhabitants of the treeâs indigenous range in the Southern Great Plains; orange relates to the general shape and size of ⦠Osage Orange trees are also called by their French name: bois dâarc or âwood of the bow. The Osage orange tree itself served many valuable functions to both Native Americans and pioneer settlers of the Great Plains.
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